Question

which best describes how river valley civilizations influenced the development of classical civilizations?
a. urbanization began in early river valley civilizations and expanded in classical civilizations.
b. warfare between early river valley civilizations was so destructive that classical civilizations avoided it.
c. religious persecution by river valley civilizations led classical civilizations to become less religious.
d. early river valley civilizations distrust of foreign goods led to limited trade between classical civilizations.

Explanation:

River valley civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China's Yellow River Valley were the first to develop cities. For example, Mesopotamia had cities like Ur and Uruk. Classical civilizations such as Greece, Rome, Han China, and Gupta India built on this urban foundation. Greece had city - states like Athens and Sparta, and Rome had a highly urbanized empire with cities like Rome itself. Urbanization brought about complex social structures, trade, and governance in river valley civilizations, which were expanded upon in classical civilizations.
Option B is incorrect because warfare was still prevalent in classical civilizations (e.g., the Peloponnesian War in Greece). Option C is wrong as classical civilizations were often very religious (e.g., Hinduism in Gupta India, Christianity in the later Roman Empire). Option D is incorrect since classical civilizations had extensive trade networks (e.g., the Silk Road connecting Han China with the Roman Empire).

Answer:

A. Urbanization began in early river valley civilizations and expanded in classical civilizations.