Question

what are the two sources you choose to do opcvl’s on and how did they shape your answer to the research question?
arad, gulie ne’eman. “‘nazi germany and the jews’: reflections on a beginning, a middle, and an open end.” history and memory, vol. 9, no. 1/2, 1997, pp. 409–33. jstor, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25681014. accessed 30 nov. 2025.
osiel, mark j. “obeying orders: atrocity, military discipline, and the law of war.” california law review, vol. 86, no. 5, 1998, pp. 939–1129. jstor, https://doi.org/10.2307/3481100. accessed 30 nov. 2025.
2nd paragraph: fill in the following chart (1st opcvl)

origin	answer	is it valuable or limiting and why?
when was it created?
where was it created?

Explanation:

To fill the OPCVL chart, we analyze the first source (Arad, Gulie Ne’eman’s article):

• WHO created it?: Gulie Ne’eman Arad (the author).
• WHEN was it created?: 1997 (publication year: 1997).
• WHERE was it created?: Likely in an academic context, published in History and Memory (a journal), with JSTOR access.

For “Is it valuable or limiting and WHY?”: Valuable—Arad’s analysis of Nazi Germany and Jews offers historical insights, primary-source interpretation, and scholarly perspective. Limiting? Maybe narrow focus, but as a journal article, it’s peer-reviewed, so high academic value for historical research.

First Source (Arad’s Article)

ORIGIN	Answer	Is it valuable or limiting and WHY?
WHEN was it created?	1997 (publication year)	Valuable: Published post - Holocaust, allows reflection with historical distance; limiting? Narrow focus on “beginning/middle/open end” (but depth in that scope).
WHERE was it created?	Published in History and Memory (academic journal), accessed via JSTOR	Valuable: Academic journal ensures credibility; JSTOR access enables research. Limiting? Specific to journal’s audience (academics), not general public - facing.

Second Source (Osiel’s Article)

ORIGIN	Answer	Is it valuable or limiting and WHY?
WHEN was it created?	1998 (publication year)	Valuable: Post - Cold War, reflects on war law evolution; limiting? Focus on legal/military, not broader social history.
WHERE was it created?	Published in California Law Review (academic journal), accessed via JSTOR	Valuable: Law review ensures legal - academic rigor; JSTOR access aids research. Limiting? Specialized in law/atrocity, not general history.

(Note: The chart can be filled for either source; the first is analyzed here as an example. Adjust based on the research question’s focus—e.g., if about Nazi history, Arad is key; if about war law, Osiel is key.)

Answer:

To fill the OPCVL chart, we analyze the first source (Arad, Gulie Ne’eman’s article):

• WHO created it?: Gulie Ne’eman Arad (the author).
• WHEN was it created?: 1997 (publication year: 1997).
• WHERE was it created?: Likely in an academic context, published in History and Memory (a journal), with JSTOR access.

For “Is it valuable or limiting and WHY?”: Valuable—Arad’s analysis of Nazi Germany and Jews offers historical insights, primary-source interpretation, and scholarly perspective. Limiting? Maybe narrow focus, but as a journal article, it’s peer-reviewed, so high academic value for historical research.

First Source (Arad’s Article)

ORIGIN	Answer	Is it valuable or limiting and WHY?
WHEN was it created?	1997 (publication year)	Valuable: Published post - Holocaust, allows reflection with historical distance; limiting? Narrow focus on “beginning/middle/open end” (but depth in that scope).
WHERE was it created?	Published in History and Memory (academic journal), accessed via JSTOR	Valuable: Academic journal ensures credibility; JSTOR access enables research. Limiting? Specific to journal’s audience (academics), not general public - facing.

Second Source (Osiel’s Article)

ORIGIN	Answer	Is it valuable or limiting and WHY?
WHEN was it created?	1998 (publication year)	Valuable: Post - Cold War, reflects on war law evolution; limiting? Focus on legal/military, not broader social history.
WHERE was it created?	Published in California Law Review (academic journal), accessed via JSTOR	Valuable: Law review ensures legal - academic rigor; JSTOR access aids research. Limiting? Specialized in law/atrocity, not general history.

(Note: The chart can be filled for either source; the first is analyzed here as an example. Adjust based on the research question’s focus—e.g., if about Nazi history, Arad is key; if about war law, Osiel is key.)