Question

what starts ecological succession?
disturbances in the ecosystem
carbon sequestering in the soil
excessive fertilizer usage

Explanation:

Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It is often initiated by disturbances in the ecosystem, such as natural disasters (fires, floods, volcanic eruptions) or human activities (deforestation, mining). These disturbances create opportunities for new species to colonize and establish themselves in the area. Carbon sequestering in the soil is a process related to the storage of carbon in the soil, which is important for climate regulation but does not directly start ecological succession. Excessive fertilizer usage can have negative impacts on the environment, such as eutrophication, but it is not a primary cause of ecological succession.

Answer:

disturbances in the ecosystem