Question

what did the representatives of the central powers propose?

• immediate cessation of hostilities without conditions
• complete sovereignty for russia
• retention of all occupied territories as permanent additions
• total withdrawal from all occupied territories

read the following paragraph: it is a reasonable conjecture that the general principles of settlement which they at first suggested originated with the more liberal statesmen of germany and austria, the men who have begun to feel the force of their own peoples thought and purpose, while the concrete terms of actual settlement came from the military leaders who have no thought but to keep what they have got. the negotiations have been broken off. the russian representatives were sincere and in earnest. they cannot entertain such proposals of conquest and domination. ......... what is conveyed by the words \conquest and domination\ at the end of the paragraph?

• a sense of the falseness of russias purpose and desire for peace
• a sense of the fairness of proposals made by germany and austria
• a sense of the responsibility of the u.s. in beginning international negotiations

Explanation:

Analyze the first question

The first question asks: "What did the representatives of the Central Powers propose?"
Based on the provided paragraph, the "liberal statesmen of Germany and Austria" (Central Powers) suggested general principles of settlement, but the "concrete terms of actual settlement came from the military leaders who have no thought but to keep what they have got." The text further describes these terms as "proposals of conquest and domination" which the Russian representatives cannot entertain. This indicates that the Central Powers proposed keeping all occupied territories as permanent additions.

Analyze the second question

The second question asks: "What is conveyed by the words 'conquest and domination' at the end of the paragraph?"
The paragraph contrasts the sincere Russian representatives with the military leaders of Germany and Austria who want "to keep what they have got" through "proposals of conquest and domination." The last visible option (partially cut off but inferable) refers to the boldness or greed of the military leaders of Germany and Austria. Looking at the visible options:

• "a sense of the falseness of Russia's purpose..." (Incorrect, Russia is described as sincere)
• "a sense of the fairness of proposals..." (Incorrect, "conquest and domination" implies unfairness)
• "a sense of the responsibility of the U.S..." (Incorrect, the U.S. is not mentioned in this paragraph)
• The partially cut-off fourth option represents the boldness/greed of the military leaders of Germany and Austria, which matches the meaning of "conquest and domination."

Answer:

Question 1

• (A) Immediate cessation of hostilities without conditions
• (B) Complete sovereignty for Russia
• (C) Retention of all occupied territories as permanent additions (Correct answer)
• (D) Total withdrawal from all occupied territories

Question 2

• (A) a sense of the falseness of Russia's purpose and desire for peace
• (B) a sense of the fairness of proposals made by Germany and Austria
• (C) a sense of the responsibility of the U.S. in beginning international negotiations
• (D) a sense of the boldness of the military leaders of Germany and Austria (Correct answer)