Question

what is one of the key challenges in ensuring data integrity?
a. avoiding the use of controls in research
b. ignoring peer review
c. ensuring that data is not manipulated under pressure
d. collecting data from a single experiment

what is the role of peer review in scientific research?
a. to collect data from a single source
b. to bypass ethical considerations in research
c. to ensure that research findings hold up to scrutiny and were conducted ethically
d. to allow research to be published without scrutiny

Explanation:

First Question (Data Integrity Challenge)

• Option a: Using controls is good for research, so avoiding them is not a data integrity challenge.
• Option b: Ignoring peer review relates to research validation, not data integrity directly.
• Option c: Data manipulation under pressure threatens integrity, so ensuring against it is a key challenge.
• Option d: Collecting from a single experiment is about sample size, not integrity.

• Option a: Peer review doesn't collect data; it evaluates research.
• Option b: Peer review enforces ethical considerations, not bypass them.
• Option c: Peer review checks if research is sound and ethical, matching its role.
• Option d: Peer review provides scrutiny, not allow publication without it.

Answer:

c. Ensuring that data is not manipulated under pressure

Second Question (Role of Peer Review)