Question

what are the limitations of home rule? check all that apply.
new laws must not be in violation of the constitution.
new laws cannot take effect without voter approval.
new laws must not rely on taxation or funding.
new laws cannot contradict existing state laws.
new laws cannot be passed without approval of the state legislature.

Explanation:

• New laws must not be in violation of the constitution: Home - rule entities still operate within the framework of the national constitution. If a law is unconstitutional (e.g., violating fundamental rights like freedom of speech as guaranteed by the constitution), it cannot be valid.
• New laws cannot contradict existing state laws: In a system where states have a certain level of authority over local entities (even those with home - rule), local laws must align with state laws. For example, if a state has a minimum wage law, a home - rule city cannot set a lower minimum wage.
• New laws cannot be passed without approval of the state legislature (in some cases): While home - rule gives local entities more autonomy, in many systems, the state legislature still has a supervisory role. For instance, a major structural change in local governance (like changing the form of local government from a mayor - council to a commission form) might require state legislative approval.

• New laws cannot take effect without voter approval: This is more of a democratic requirement (common in many local governance systems) rather than a strict "limitation of home - rule" in the sense of external constraints. Home - rule is about local autonomy, and voter approval is often an internal democratic process within the local entity.
• New laws must not rely on taxation or funding: Home - rule entities typically have the power to tax (e.g., local property taxes) and manage their own funding within the bounds of state and national laws. So this is not a general limitation of home - rule.

Answer:

New laws must not be in violation of the constitution, New laws cannot contradict existing state laws, New laws cannot be passed without approval of the state legislature.