Question

what is indirect characterization?
when the author shows a characters traits through words and actions
when a character expresses her true nature by acting in an opposite manner
when the narrator tells what a character is like with an explicit description
when a narrator is also a character in a story who provides internal thoughts

Explanation:

Indirect characterization is when the author shows a character's traits through words and actions. This is in contrast to direct characterization (where the narrator explicitly describes the character). The other options do not match the definition of indirect characterization. For example, a character acting in an opposite manner to express true nature is not the standard definition of indirect characterization. A narrator explicitly describing a character is direct characterization. A narrator who is a character providing internal thoughts is more about narrative perspective rather than indirect characterization.

Answer:

when the author shows a character's traits through words and actions