Question

what is indirect characterization?
when the author shows a characters traits through words and actions
when a character expresses her true nature by acting in an opposite manner
when the narrator tells what a character is like with an explicit description
when a narrator is also a character in a story who provides internal thoughts

Explanation:

Indirect characterization shows character traits via words, actions, etc., instead of direct - description. The first option describes this.

Answer:

when the author shows a character's traits through words and actions