Question

1. what are the five vertebral sections of the spinal column?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
cervical, thoracic, skull, sacrum, coccyx
thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, pelvis, coccyx
thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx, rib cage

1. true or false: smoking is a risk factor associated with spinal disc degeneration.

true
false

1. what happens to back ligaments when a person frequently slouches with poor posture?

they stretch and lengthen.
they contract and shorten.
there is no ligament effect.
they get strong and healthy.

1. what should you do before starting any new stretching or strengthening routine?

discuss it with your healthcare provider.
jog and then lift some weights.
you dont need to do anything; just start stretching.
join a gym or fitness center.

1. true or false: if you have a history of back pain or injury, you have a higher risk of experiencing back pain again.

true
false

Explanation:

1. The five vertebral sections of the spinal column are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx. The skull, pelvis, rib cage are not part of the spinal column's vertebral sections.
2. Smoking reduces blood flow to the discs, which can lead to degeneration. So, smoking is a risk factor.
3. Poor posture (slouching) causes the back ligaments to stretch and lengthen over time.
4. It's important to discuss new stretching or strengthening routines with a healthcare provider to avoid injury, especially if there are pre - existing conditions.
5. A history of back pain or injury often means the back structures (such as muscles, ligaments, discs) are more vulnerable, increasing the risk of recurrence.

Answer:

1. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
2. True
3. They stretch and lengthen
4. Discuss it with your healthcare provider
5. True