Question

what is the best way to revise sentence 9?

• because the platforms have changed, the spirit of innovation remains the same.
• although the platforms have changed, the spirit of innovation remains the same.
• the platforms have changed, they show how the spirit of innovation remains the same.
• no change needed

Explanation:

The two clauses ("the platforms have changed" and "the spirit of innovation remains the same") show a contrast. "Because" indicates cause-effect, which is incorrect here. The third option is a comma splice (two independent clauses joined only by a comma, which is grammatically wrong). "Although" correctly signals the contrast between the changed platforms and unchanged innovative spirit.

Answer:

B. Although the platforms have changed, the spirit of innovation remains the same.