Question

in a water solution, how do acids differ from bases?
acids turn litmus blue,
while bases turn litmus
red.
hydrogen ions
(h^+) remain dissolved,
by hydroxide ions (oh^-)
do not.
acids form salts, but
bases do not.
acids form hydrogen
lons(h^+), while bases
form hydroxide ions
(oh^-)

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze acid - base properties

According to Arrhenius theory, in water solution, acids dissociate to release \(H^{+}\) ions and bases dissociate to release \(OH^{-}\) ions.

Step2: Evaluate each option

• Option 1: Acids turn litmus red and bases turn litmus blue. So this option is wrong.
• Option 2: In water, for acids \(H^{+}\) is released and for bases \(OH^{-}\) is released. \(H^{+}\) and \(OH^{-}\) do not remain as such in isolation in water (they form \(H_3O^{+}\) and \(H_2O\) etc. through reactions like \(H^{+}+H_2O = H_3O^{+}\) and \(OH^{-}+H^{+}=H_2O\)). So this option is wrong.
• Option 3: Both acids and bases can form salts. For example, \(HCl + NaOH=NaCl + H_2O\). So this option is wrong.
• Option 4: This is in line with the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases.

Answer:

Acids form hydrogen ions(H⁺), while bases form hydroxide ions (OH⁻)