Question

vinegar-
lemon-
detergents-
baking soda-
toothpaste-
epsom salt-
orange-
soda/soft drinks-
ammonia solution-
soap-
salt solution-
orange juice-
milk of magnesia-
calcium carbonate in egg shell-
potassium chloride-

activity 1: things around me
objective: classify the things below as acid, base, or salt.

characteristics of acids

• sour in nature
• ph less than 7
• turn blue litmus paper red
• react with metals to produce hydrogen gas
• conduct electricity in aqueous solutions

what are acids?
acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (h+) when dissolved in water. they usually have a sour taste (do not taste chemicals during experiments), can react with some metals, and turn blue litmus paper red.

Explanation:

🆕 New Concept Discovered: Classification of Acids, Bases, and Salts
Grouping household substances by chemical nature.

Step 1: Identify the Acids

Acids typically taste sour, have a pH less than 7, and contain acidic compounds (like citric acid or acetic acid). From the list, the acidic household items are:

• Vinegar: Contains acetic acid.
• Lemon: Contains citric acid.
• Orange: Contains citric acid.
• Orange juice: Contains citric acid.
• Soda/soft drinks: Contains carbonic acid and phosphoric acid.

Step 2: Identify the Bases

Bases (or alkaline substances) typically taste bitter, feel slippery, have a pH greater than 7, and are often used in cleaning products or antacids. From the list, the basic household items are:

• Baking Soda: Sodium bicarbonate, a mild base.
• Soap: Made from fats and a strong base (alkali).
• Detergents: Formulated to be alkaline to remove grease.
• Toothpaste: Contains mild bases to neutralize mouth acids.
• Milk of Magnesia: Magnesium hydroxide, used as an antacid.
• Ammonia solution: Ammonium hydroxide, a common cleaning base.

Step 3: Identify the Salts

Salts are ionic compounds formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. They are generally neutral. From the list, the salts are:

• Epsom salt: Magnesium sulfate.
• Salt solution: Sodium chloride dissolved in water.
• Calcium carbonate in egg shell: An ionic salt compound.
• Potassium Chloride: A metal halide salt.

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Answer:

Here is the classification of the items from the activity:

Acids

• Vinegar
• Lemon
• Orange
• Orange juice
• Soda/soft drinks

Bases

• Baking Soda
• Soap
• Detergents
• Toothpaste
• Milk of Magnesia
• Ammonia solution

Salts

• Epsom salt
• Salt solution
• Calcium carbonate in egg shell
• Potassium Chloride