Question

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jesse makes moral decisions based on what is best for him and whether he is likely to be rewarded or punished because of his actions. according to kohlberg, jesse is operating at which level of moral development?
o preconventional
o postconventional
o conventional
o nonconventional

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a major criticism of kohlbergs theory of moral development is that
o the research scenarios used were too emotionally based.
o it focuses on moral behavior rather than moral reasoning.
o it has only three levels, which is insufficient to capture the entirety of moral behavior.
o it ignores gender and cultural influences.

Explanation:

For the first question, Kohlberg's pre - conventional level is self - centered, with decisions based on personal gain (reward) or avoiding punishment. Jesse's behavior fits this. For the second question, a major criticism of Kohlberg's theory is its neglect of gender (Gilligan's critique) and cultural influences as it was based on Western male samples.

Answer:

First question: preconventional. Second question: it ignores gender and cultural influences.