Question

use the table of electronegativities, above, to determine which type of bond should be formed between the two atoms.

1. phosphorus silicon

1. cobalt bromine

1. germanium selenium

1. silicon fluorine

1. potassium nitrogen

1. cesium oxide

1. hydrogen phosphorus

1. arsenic chloride

1. lithium chloride

1. iron carbon

Explanation:

Step1: Find electronegativity values

From the table:

• Phosphorus (\(P\)) has electronegativity \(2.1\), Silicon (\(Si\)) has \(1.8\)
• Cobalt (\(Co\)) has \(1.8\), Bromine (\(Br\)) has \(3.0\)
• Germanium (\(Ge\)) has \(1.8\), Selenium (\(Se\)) has \(2.5\)
• Silicon (\(Si\)) has \(1.8\), Fluorine (\(F\)) has \(4.0\)
• Potassium (\(K\)) has \(0.8\), Nitrogen (\(N\)) has \(3.0\)
• Cesium (\(Cs\)) has \(0.7\), Oxygen (\(O\)) has \(3.5\)
• Hydrogen (\(H\)) has \(2.1\), Phosphorus (\(P\)) has \(2.1\)
• Arsenic (\(As\)) has \(2.1\), Chlorine (\(Cl\)) has \(3.0\)
• Lithium (\(Li\)) has \(1.0\), Chlorine (\(Cl\)) has \(3.0\)
• Iron (\(Fe\)) has \(1.8\), Carbon (\(C\)) has \(2.5\)

Step2: Calculate electronegativity differences

• For \(P - Si\): \(|2.1 - 1.8|=0.3\)
• For \(Co - Br\): \(|1.8 - 3.0| = 1.2\)
• For \(Ge - Se\): \(|1.8 - 2.5|=0.7\)
• For \(Si - F\): \(|1.8 - 4.0|=2.2\)
• For \(K - N\): \(|0.8 - 3.0|=2.2\)
• For \(Cs - O\): \(|0.7 - 3.5|=2.8\)
• For \(H - P\): \(|2.1 - 2.1|=0\)
• For \(As - Cl\): \(|2.1 - 3.0|=0.9\)
• For \(Li - Cl\): \(|1.0 - 3.0|=2.0\)
• For \(Fe - C\): \(|1.8 - 2.5|=0.7\)

Step3: Determine bond type

• If \(\Delta EN=0\), non - polar covalent.
• If \(0\lt\Delta EN\lt1.7\), polar covalent.
• If \(\Delta EN\geq1.7\), ionic.

• \(P - Si\): \(\Delta EN = 0.3\), non - polar covalent
• \(Co - Br\): \(\Delta EN=1.2\), polar
• \(Ge - Se\): \(\Delta EN = 0.7\), polar
• \(Si - F\): \(\Delta EN=2.2\), ionic
• \(K - N\): \(\Delta EN=2.2\), ionic
• \(Cs - O\): \(\Delta EN=2.8\), ionic
• \(H - P\): \(\Delta EN = 0\), non - polar covalent
• \(As - Cl\): \(\Delta EN=0.9\), polar
• \(Li - Cl\): \(\Delta EN=2.0\), ionic
• \(Fe - C\): \(\Delta EN = 0.7\), polar

Answer:

Atom 1	Atom 2	Electronegativity Difference Value	Bond Type (Non - polar Covalent, Polar, Ionic)
Cobalt	Bromine	\(1.2\)	Polar
Germanium	Selenium	\(0.7\)	Polar
Silicon	Fluorine	\(2.2\)	Ionic
Potassium	Nitrogen	\(2.2\)	Ionic
Cesium	Oxide	\(2.8\)	Ionic
Hydrogen	Phosphorus	\(0\)	Non - polar Covalent
Arsenic	Chloride	\(0.9\)	Polar
Lithium	Chloride	\(2.0\)	Ionic
Iron	Carbon	\(0.7\)	Polar