Question

unlike rovers, landers arent mobile. this reduces their cost but also the amount of information that they can gather. the viking landers (1 and 2) were the first landers to not only land, but use rockets to soft - land on mars. they tested the soil for life but the results were negative. the landers produced the first images from the surface of mars and studied the atmosphere and soil. the landers operated for about six years. during its mission to saturn, the cassini space probe dropped the huygens lander into the clouds of titan. as the lander parachuted down, it took images of lakes and rivers of liquid methane. huygens landed on a river delta. rocks rubbed smooth by flowing liquid methane indicate erosion happens on other planets in the same way that it does on earth. the russian venera landers are the only landers to have reached the surface of venus. they returned images from the surface, showing basalt - like rock and volcanic plains. despite later versions of the landers being built to withstand the extreme conditions on venus, the landers never lasted longer than a few hours on the surface before failing. the apollo landers are the only landers to have carried humans to another celestial object: the moon. each lander carried two astronauts to the surface. the second part of the mission, the upper ascent stage, carried them back to the command module, in orbit around the moon. mars pathfinder consisted of both a lander, that acted as a base station, and the first rover (sojourner) to land on mars. while the lander was able to take images and record atmospheric data, the rover was able to travel just over 100 meters before communication to it was lost. impactors are a type of lander that deliberately crashes into the surface of a planet. by doing this, the impactor can expose layers below the surface, for study. shock waves from the impactor can be used to study the interior of small celestial bodies. 6. why were parachutes not used to slow curiosity and perseverance on their final descents? the atmosphere is too thin for parachutes 7. how do these rovers communicate with earth? 8. ingenuity is the first helicopter to fly on another planet. explain why such a device could be very useful in planetary exploration: 9. explain why rovers and landers are sent to explore the surface of distant worlds instead of astronauts:

Explanation:

1. A helicopter like Ingenuity can cover larger areas more quickly than rovers or landers, access hard - to - reach terrains such as cliffs or deep valleys, and provide aerial perspectives for better mapping and scientific study of the planetary surface.
2. Rovers and landers are sent instead of astronauts due to lower cost, reduced risk to human life as space missions are dangerous, and the ability to operate for long periods in harsh planetary environments that may be inhospitable to humans.

Answer:

1. It can cover more area quickly, access difficult terrains, and offer aerial views for better study.
2. Lower cost, reduced human - risk, and ability to operate in harsh environments.