Question

unit test
unit test complete
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read the two passages.
passage 1
the need for standardized testing in education is a
sensitive topic to some. many fear that the use of
these tests with students of all ages would lead to a
decline in both academic growth and innovation;
however, if standardized testing continues to be a
reliable and objective source of measuring student
achievement, we must conclude that the means justify
the end. we can simply state the results of a 100-year
analysis of testing research for proof: 93 percent of
studies on student testing found a favorable outcome
for student achievement.
passage 2
when the brookings institution, a 100-year-old
organization made up of experts in education and
government, reports that up to 80 percent of
standardized test score improvements were temporary
and did not lead to improvements in learning, we must
realize that student testing is not working. i have
visited several schools during testing time, so i can
personally vouch for the negative effect that
standardized tests have on students’ emotions.
standardized testing is unnecessary and must end.
how does the evidence in the first passage differ from
the evidence in the second?
○ passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage
2 uses empirical evidence.
○ passage 1 uses empirical evidence, while passage
2 uses logical evidence.
○ passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage
2 uses logical evidence.
○ passage 1 uses logical evidence, while passage 2
uses logical and anecdotal evidence.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the evidence types:

• Passage 1: Uses empirical evidence (a 100 - year analysis of testing research with a 93% favorable outcome for student achievement—data - driven, research - based).
• Passage 2: Uses logical evidence (report from Brookings Institution about temporary score improvements) and anecdotal evidence (the author’s personal visits to schools and vouching for negative emotional effects).

Now we evaluate the options:

• Option A: Passage 1 is empirical (not anecdotal), so A is wrong.
• Option B: Passage 2 uses anecdotal + logical, not just logical, so B is wrong.
• Option C: Passage 2 uses anecdotal + logical, not just logical, so C is wrong.
• Option D: Passage 1 uses logical (reasoning about test as measurement) and empirical (research data), Passage 2 uses logical (Brookings report) and anecdotal (personal experience). This matches.

Answer:

D. Passage 1 uses logical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical and anecdotal evidence.