Question

unit 1 instructional sequence 4 performance task
background: a pathologist is studying an animal cell in their lab. they need your help describing its different structures and how they contribute to the overall cell theory.
1a. identify three structures that a plant cell would have that this animal cell is missing.
1b. describe the unique functions these structures provide plants compared to animals.

1. draw a model of the cell membrane and illustrate an example of passive transport and active transport. be sure to label phospholipids and protein channels.

Explanation:

1a. Plant cells have cell walls (provide structure and protection), chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), and large central vacuoles (store water and nutrients). Animal cells lack these.
1b. Cell walls give plants rigidity, chloroplasts enable them to make food from sunlight, and large vacuoles help maintain turgor pressure and store substances. Animals don't need these as they have different support (skeletons in some) and feeding mechanisms.

1. For drawing the cell membrane: It is a phospholipid bilayer (with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails). For passive transport (e.g., simple diffusion of oxygen - moves from high to low concentration without energy). For active transport (e.g., sodium - potassium pump - uses ATP to move ions against concentration gradient). Label phospholipids (as the bilayer units) and protein channels (if applicable in the transport examples, like in facilitated diffusion which is a type of passive transport using protein channels).

Answer:

1a. Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole.
1b. Cell wall: provides structure and protection/rigidity. Chloroplast: enables photosynthesis (making food from sunlight). Large central vacuole: stores water, nutrients, maintains turgor pressure.

1. (Since it's a drawing task, description of elements as above. Actual drawing would show phospholipid bilayer with labeled phospholipids, an example of passive transport (e.g., oxygen moving through bilayer without protein in simple diffusion or glucose via protein channel in facilitated diffusion) and active transport (e.g., sodium - potassium pump with ATP label) with protein channels labeled where present in the transport depicted).