Question

type your answer in exactly as one of the following: population, sample, srs, systematic, stratified, cluster, multistage, voluntary, convenience, survey, observation, experiment, undercoverage, response, nonresponse
(answer the multiple choice with a uppercase letter)

1. a literacy group wants to determine whether high school students that participated in a recent reading program had higher standardized test scores than high school students that did not participate in the program. what type of study is this?
2. identify the type of sampling used: assign each car in a dealership a number and then use a random - number table to select the cars to be inspected.

Explanation:

Question 1

To determine the study type, we analyze: the literacy group is observing the effect of the reading program (no manipulation, just comparing groups). An observational study involves observing without intervening. But wait, actually, if they are just looking at existing groups (those who participated and those who didn't), it's an observational study? Wait, no—wait, the key is: is there an intervention? No, they are just comparing. But the options include "experiment" (which has intervention) or "observational". Wait, but the options given are: population, sample, SRS, systematic, stratified, cluster, multistage, voluntary, convenience, survey, observation, experiment, undercoverage, response, nonresponse. Wait, the first question: the study is to see if participants (who chose to participate) have higher scores than non - participants. Since they are not assigning people to groups (no random assignment), it's an observational study? Wait, no—wait, the options: the possible answer here. Wait, the study is an "observation" or "survey"? No, wait, the study is comparing two groups (participated vs not participated) without manipulating the independent variable (participation is self - selected). So the study type is "OBSERVATION"? Wait, no, maybe "EXPERIMENT" is not, because there's no random assignment. Wait, the options: the correct term here. Wait, the first question: the study is an "experiment"? No, because in an experiment, you assign subjects to treatment and control. Here, the participation is voluntary. So it's an observational study, but the options have "observation" or "survey"? Wait, no, the options are as given. Wait, the first question: the answer is "OBSERVATION"? Wait, no, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, the first question: the study is to determine if participants (who took part in the program) have higher scores. So it's an observational study, so the answer is "OBSERVATION"? But the options are in uppercase? Wait, the user said to answer with an uppercase letter. Wait, the options for the first question: the study type. Let's re - examine. The study is an "OBSERVATION" (since they are observing the two groups) or "SURVEY"? No, a survey is when you ask questions. Here, they are looking at test scores. So the correct answer for question 1 is "OBSERVATION"? Wait, no, maybe "EXPERIMENT" is not, because there's no manipulation. Wait, the options: the first question's answer is "OBSERVATION"? Wait, no, perhaps I'm wrong. Wait, the first question: the study is an "EXPERIMENT"? No, because in an experiment, you have a treatment group and a control group with random assignment. Here, the groups are self - selected. So it's an observational study, so the answer is "OBSERVATION". But the user said to type the answer as one of the given terms, uppercase. Wait, the options are: population, sample, SRS, systematic, stratified, cluster, multistage, voluntary, convenience, survey, observation, experiment, undercoverage, response, nonresponse. So the first question's answer is "OBSERVATION" (uppercase: OBSERVATION). Wait, no, maybe the answer is "EXPERIMENT" is wrong. Wait, let's check again. The first question: the study is an "OBSERVATION" (since it's observing the difference between two existing groups).

For the sampling method: each car is assigned a number, and a random - number table is used to select cars. A Simple Random Sample (SRS) is a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, and using a random - number table to select from numbered units is a way to obtain an SRS.

Answer:

OBSERVATION

Question 2