Question

technical innovation is facilitated by a(n) ____ process and a(n) __ structure, while administrative change best occurs as a result of a(n) __ process and a(n) ____ structure.

top-down, organic - bottom-up, mechanistic
bottom-up, organic - top-down, mechanistic
strategic, mechanistic - tactical, organic
ambidextrous, product - od intervention, functional

Explanation:

🆕 New Concept Discovered: Organizational Design and Innovation
How structure and decision-making drive different types of change.

Step 1: Analyze the requirements for technical innovation

Technical innovation involves creating new products, services, or technologies. This type of change relies heavily on creativity, flexibility, and expertise from employees working directly on the ground.

• Process: Because ideas originate from employees close to the technology or customers, it requires a bottom-up process.
• Structure: To allow flexibility, open communication, and rapid adaptation, it requires an organic structure (which is decentralized and low in formalization).

Step 2: Analyze the requirements for administrative change

Administrative change involves altering the organization's design, management systems, policies, or control structures.

• Process: Because these changes affect the entire organization and require authority to implement, they are driven from the top leadership down, making it a top-down process.
• Structure: These changes are best supported and sustained by a mechanistic structure, which is highly centralized, formalized, and relies on clear hierarchies.

Step 3: Match with the given options

Combining our findings:

• Technical innovation: bottom-up process and organic structure.
• Administrative change: top-down process and mechanistic structure.

This matches the second option: bottom-up, organic - top-down, mechanistic.

Answer:

bottom-up, organic - top-down, mechanistic