Question

take quiz exit question 16 1 pts which term refers to the volume of inspired air that actually reaches, or ventilates, the alveoli? residual ventilation physiological dead space pulmonary ventilation alveolar ventilation question 17 1 pts when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, some of the carbon dioxide molecules associate with water to form bicarbonate ions. hydroxyl ions. amino acid. carbonic acid. question 18 1 pts the basic rhythm of the respiratory cycle of inspiration and expiration seems to be generated by the medullary rhythmicity area. apneustic center. pneumotaxic center. pons.

Explanation:

• Question 16: Alveolar ventilation specifically refers to the volume of air that reaches the alveoli. Residual ventilation is not a standard term in this context. Physiological dead - space is the volume of air that does not participate in gas exchange (it's the opposite of what the question asks). Pulmonary ventilation is the total volume of air entering and leaving the lungs per minute, which is a broader term than the one referring to alveolar ventilation.
• Question 17: When carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) dissolves in water (\(H_2O\)), the reaction \(CO_2 + H_2O

ightleftharpoons H_2CO_3\) (carbonic acid) occurs. Bicarbonate ions (\(HCO_3^-\)) are formed from the dissociation of carbonic acid (\(H_2CO_3
ightleftharpoons H^+ + HCO_3^-\)), but the initial association is to form carbonic acid. Hydroxyl ions (\(OH^-\)) are not formed from this simple dissolution reaction of \(CO_2\) in water. Amino acids are organic compounds with amino (\(-NH_2\)) and carboxyl (\(-COOH\)) groups and are not related to this \(CO_2 - H_2O\) reaction.

• Question 18: The medullary rhythmicity area is responsible for generating the basic rhythm of the respiratory cycle (inspiration and expiration). The apneustic center promotes inspiration. The pneumotaxic center modulates the respiratory rhythm (e.g., it can limit inspiration). The pons is a part of the brainstem that contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers, but it is the medullary rhythmicity area that generates the basic rhythm.

Answer:

• Question 16: alveolar ventilation
• Question 17: carbonic acid
• Question 18: medullary rhythmicity area