Question

a student compared the size of impact craters after increasing a projectile’s speed and mass. they dropped marbles into a pile of flour and measured the size of the craters created. the student conducted two tests. the first test used glass, ceramic, and metal marbles of the same size but different masses. the second test used a single marble dropped into the flour at different speeds: dropped by hand, thrown by hand, and thrown by a ball thrower. their results are shown in the tables below.
use the data to construct graphs to compare changes to kinetic energy with changing speed and mass.

test 1

mass	average crater size (cm)
ceramic (1.5 x starting mass)	6
metal (2 x starting mass)	8

test 2

mass	average crater size (cm)
thrown by hand (1.5 x starting speed)	7
thrown by thrower (2 x starting speed)	15

(graphs: \effect of mass on crater size\ with x-axis \multiple of starting mass\ (1, 1.5, 2) and y-axis \average crater size (cm)\ (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16); \effect of speed on crater size\ with x-axis \multiple of starting speed\ (1, 1.5, 2) and y-axis \average crater size (cm)\ (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16))

Explanation:

Step1: Plot for Effect of Mass on Crater Size

For Test 1, the x - axis is "Multiple of starting mass" with values 1 (Glass), 1.5 (Ceramic), 2 (Metal), and the y - axis is "Average crater size (cm)" with values 4, 6, 8 respectively. Plot the points (1, 4), (1.5, 6), (2, 8) and connect them.

Step2: Plot for Effect of Speed on Crater Size

For Test 2, the x - axis is "Multiple of starting speed" with values 1 (Dropped by hand), 1.5 (Thrown by hand), 2 (Thrown by thrower), and the y - axis is "Average crater size (cm)" with values 4, 7, 15 respectively. Plot the points (1, 4), (1.5, 7), (2, 15) and connect them.

Answer:

The graphs are constructed by plotting the respective data points (for mass - crater size and speed - crater size) and connecting them. The "Effect of mass on crater size" graph has points (1, 4), (1.5, 6), (2, 8) and the "Effect of speed on crater size" graph has points (1, 4), (1.5, 7), (2, 15).