Question

spinal cord
the cylindrical spinal cord, which is approximately 17 inches (42 cm) long, is a glistening white continuation of the brain stem. the spinal cord provides a two - way conduction pathway to and from the brain, and it is a major (1 ) center (spinal reflexes are completed at this level). enclosed within the vertebral column, the spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum of the skull to the first or second lumbar vertebra, where it ends just below the ribs (figure 7.19, p 254)
like the brain, the spinal cord is cushioned and protected by (2 ) meningeal coverings do not end at the second lumbar vertebra (l2) but instead extend well beyond the end of the spinal cord in the vertebral canal. because there is no possibility of damaging the cord beyond l3, the meningeal sac inferior to that point provides a nearly ideal spot for a (3 ) puncture to remove csf for testing
in humans, 31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from the cord and exit from the vertebral column to serve the body area close by. the spinal cord is about the size of a thumb for most of its length, but it is enlarged in the cervical and lumbar regions where the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs arise and leave the (4 ). because the vertebral column grows faster than the spinal cord, the spinal cord does not reach the end of the vertebral column, and the spinal nerves leaving its inferior end must travel through the vertebral canal for some distance before exiting. this collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the (5 ) canal is called the cauda equina (kawda e - kwīnah) because it looks so much like a horses tail (the literal translation of cauda equina)

o 1 lumbar 2 cord 3 vertebral 4 reflex 5 meninges

o 1. reflex 2 meninges 3 lumbar 4. cord 5 vertebral

o 1. meninges 2 lumbar 3 cord 4 vertebral 5 reflex

o 1. vertebral 2 reflex 3 meninges 4 lumbar 5 cord

o 1 cord 2 vertebral 3 reflex 4 meninges 5 lumbar

Explanation:

1. The spinal cord is a major reflex center as spinal reflexes are completed at this level.
2. The spinal cord, like the brain, is cushioned and protected by meninges.
3. The meningeal sac inferior to L3 provides a spot for a lumbar puncture to remove CSF.
4. Nerves serving the upper and lower limbs arise and leave the cord in the cervical and lumbar regions.
5. The collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina.

Answer:

1. reflex 2. meninges 3. lumbar 4. cord 5. vertebral