Question

in a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government... in the government separated into states of america, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each, subdivided among... separate departments. hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. the different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. -james madison, federalist, no. 51, 1788 part a: based on the excerpt, why did james madison believe that federalism is needed in government? a it allows the government to make decisions more efficiently. b it limits governmental authority in order to avoid abuses of power. c it prevents conflict over controversial governmental policies. d it provides the government with a way to support the powers of the military.

Explanation:

Madison emphasizes that in the American system (federalism), power is divided between two governments (national and state) and then subdivided among departments. This division creates "a double security" for people's rights as governments control each other and themselves. This is a classic argument for limiting government power through a system of checks and balances (federalism here being a form of power - division).

Answer:

B. It limits governmental authority in order to avoid abuses of power.