Question

select all that apply
from the list below, identify the general approaches used to introduce foreign dna into plant cells.
electroporation
physical bombardment
using bacteria to transfer genes
growing hydroponic plants in a solution containing dna vectors
creating knockout plants using the same approach as creating knockout animals

Explanation:

• Electroporation: Electrical pulses create temporary pores in plant cell membranes, allowing foreign DNA entry.
• Physical bombardment (gene gun): Tiny DNA - coated particles are shot into plant cells.
• Using bacteria to transfer genes (Agrobacterium - mediated transformation): Bacteria like Agrobacterium tumefaciens can transfer DNA (T - DNA) to plant cells.
• Growing hydroponic plants in a solution containing DNA vectors is not a standard method for introducing foreign DNA into plant cells. DNA vectors need a more direct mechanism to enter the cells rather than just being in the growth medium.
• Creating knockout plants using the same approach as knockout animals is not about introducing foreign DNA. Knockout techniques usually involve disrupting existing genes rather than adding new (foreign) DNA.

Answer:

Electroporation, Physical bombardment, Using bacteria to transfer genes.