Question

sammy is so anxious about going to school that he throws up every morning and cries all the way there. after hes at school, he shakes and is often tearful with anxiety. which of the following is correct?
a sammy just needs to get used to school.
b this is abnormal because school does not normally cause this level of distress.
c this is abnormal because in our culture kids like school.
d this is abnormal because boys do not get this emotional.
question 3
the ____ perspective on mental disorders agrees that physical or biological causes are of central importance, but also recognizes the influence of psychological and social factors in the study, identification, and treatment of psychological disorders.
a biopsychosocial
b learning
c psychodynamic
d cognitive
question 4
ted was driving in his car the other day and started to feel his heart begin to race. within a minute or two, he began sweating, shaking, and felt like something terrible was going to happen. because this experience was so intense, ted pulled off the road until he began to feel better. within about 15 to 20 minutes, he returned to his normal self. although the episode only happened in his car on a few different occasions, he has gotten to the point where he refuses to drive when he goes out, for fear that another episode will occur. ted seems to have symptoms of ____
a conversion disorder.
b panic disorder with agoraphobia.
c a specific phobia.
d panic disorder without agoraphobia.

Explanation:

• Question 1: School - related distress at the level of vomiting, crying, shaking, and constant anxiety (as Sammy shows) is abnormal. School is not typically associated with such extreme distress. Option A is incorrect as it downplays the severity. Option C is wrong because not all kids in a culture "like" school in a way that would mean extreme distress is normal. Option D is incorrect as it makes a baseless gender - related generalization.
• Question 3: The biopsychosocial perspective emphasizes the importance of physical/biological factors while also considering psychological and social factors in mental disorders. The learning perspective focuses on learned behaviors, the psychodynamic on unconscious processes, and the cognitive on thought patterns.
• Question 4: Ted has panic attacks (racing heart, sweating, shaking, fear of something terrible happening) and has developed agoraphobia (fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help not available, as seen in his refusal to drive for fear of another panic episode). Conversion disorder involves physical symptoms without a medical cause but not the panic - related symptoms here. A specific phobia is a fear of a particular object or situation (not the complex pattern of panic and agoraphobia). Panic disorder without agoraphobia would not involve the avoidance of driving due to fear of panic.

Answer:

• Question 1: B. This is abnormal because school does not normally cause this level of distress.
• Question 3: A. biopsychosocial
• Question 4: B. panic disorder with agoraphobia.