Question

regarding walking, which structure(s) control(s) the cycles of arm and leg movements that occur between the time the decision is made to \start walking\ and the time the \stop\ order is given?

Explanation:

The caudate nucleus and putamen (together known as the striatum) play a role in motor control, including the cyclic arm and leg movements during walking. The claustrum is involved in sensory - integration and consciousness - related functions, and the amygdaloid body is mainly for emotional processing. The globus pallidus is part of the basal ganglia but its role is more in modulating motor output rather than controlling the cyclic movements described. The caudate nucleus alone is not sufficient as the putamen also contributes to these motor - related cyclic patterns.

Answer:

Caudate nucleus and putamen