Question

1. refer to the diagrams in model 2

a. what appears to have happened in diagram ii?
b. what could be two causes of this event?
c. what process will begin again after this event has occurred?

1. can the ecosystem totally recover from this set - back? what evidence is given in model 2?
2. what effect does an existing soil presence have on the seral stages of secondary succession and the time it takes to return to the climax community compared to primary succession? give your answer in complete sentences and justify your reasoning.
3. consider each event below and determine if the recovery process for the environment will happen by primary succession or secondary succession.

a. melting, receding glaciers.
b. logging a wooded area.
c. major flooding of a creek bed.
d. volcanic eruption with lava flow.

1. are these destructive methods always natural? explain your answer.

Explanation:

6a. Without seeing the diagram, it's impossible to determine what happened. But in general, in ecological diagrams, events could be disturbances like a fire, flood, or human - caused event.
6b. Causes could be natural (e.g., lightning for a fire) or human - induced (e.g., arson).
6c. After a disturbance, succession (either primary or secondary) may begin again.

1. Whether an ecosystem can fully recover depends on factors like the severity of the disturbance and the resilience of the ecosystem. Evidence in a model could include the presence of seeds in the soil, remaining organisms, etc.
2. In secondary succession, the presence of existing soil speeds up the process as it contains nutrients, seeds, and microorganisms. It takes less time to reach the climax community compared to primary succession where soil has to be formed from scratch.

9a. Melting, receding glaciers is primary succession as it starts on bare rock with no pre - existing soil.
9b. Logging a wooded area is secondary succession as soil remains intact.
9c. Major flooding of a creek bed is usually secondary succession if soil and some organisms remain.
9d. Volcanic eruption with lava flow is primary succession as it destroys existing soil and creates new, barren land.

1. Destructive methods are not always natural. For example, logging, pollution, and urbanization are human - caused destructive methods.

Answer:

6a. Cannot be determined without diagram.
6b. Natural (e.g., lightning) and human - induced (e.g., arson).
6c. Succession.

1. Depends on factors; evidence could be presence of seeds, organisms.
2. Existing soil speeds up secondary succession; less time to climax than primary succession due to nutrients, seeds, microorganisms in soil.

9a. Primary succession.
9b. Secondary succession.
9c. Secondary succession.
9d. Primary succession.

1. No, e.g., logging, pollution are human - caused.