Question

read the excerpt from paragraph 3.
in the quest of the pole, it was a struggle of human brains and persistence against the blind, brute forces of the elements of primeval matter, acting often under laws and impulses almost unknown or but little understood by us...
how does the phrase “blind, brute forces of the elements of primeval matter” impact the text?
a it highlights the bareness of the landscape and the resulting effect of loneliness it created for the explorers.
b it describes how the unpredictability of the landscape hindered the reasoned and planned efforts of the explorers.
c it illustrates that the challenges of the landscape caused the explorers to give up and turn back many times.
d it personifies the landscape as pure and unspoiled by the explorers boldly trekking northward through the snow.
questions 49 - 50 are based on the excerpts from “address at rice university on the nation’s space effort” by president john f. kennedy and the north pole by robert peary.

1. which statement summarizes the way each text addresses the topic of exploration?

a kennedy emphasizes the excitement and adventure of exploration; however, peary describes exploration as a serious research endeavor.
b kennedy emphasizes the relationship between exploration and healthy competition; however, peary describes exploration as a solitary effort.
c kennedy emphasizes the potential benefits of exploration to society as a whole; however, peary describes exploration as a personal accomplishment.
d kennedy emphasizes the financial costs of exploration; however, peary describes the emotional toll of exploration.

1. which challenge to exploration is emphasized by both authors?

a inability to control the outcomes
b perils of dangerous terrains
c inaccessibility to remote locations
d lack of financial support

Explanation:

For the first question, the phrase "blind, brute forces of the elements of primeval matter" implies the unpredictability of the landscape which hinders the explorers' planned efforts. For the second question, Kennedy's speech on space - effort and Peary's account on North - Pole exploration both highlight the perils of dangerous terrains as a challenge to exploration.

Answer:

1. B
2. C
3. B