Question

questions

1. name the 4 life molecules and the monomer for each.
2. circle the correct words.

an enzyme (slows down/speeds up) a chemical reaction by (lowering/raising) its activation
energy.

1. enzymes are reusable as long as their shape isn’t changed. what two things can change the

shape of the enzyme?

1. what word do we use in biology to describe when an enzyme can no longer work due to a

change in its shape?

1. explain the lock and key theory as it relates to enzymes.

Explanation:

1. The four life molecules (biomolecules) are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Their monomers are monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), fatty acids (for simple lipids; combined with glycerol for triglycerides), amino acids, and nucleotides respectively.
2. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (the energy required to start a reaction).
3. Enzymes are proteins. High temperatures (above the optimal temperature for the enzyme) can denature (change the shape of) the enzyme. Extreme pH values (either too acidic or too basic compared to the enzyme's optimal pH) can also denature the enzyme.
4. When an enzyme's shape is changed (denatured) and it can no longer function, we say it is denatured.
5. The lock - and - key theory: The enzyme (lock) has a specific active site (the part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate). The substrate (key) has a complementary shape to the active site. Just as a specific key fits a specific lock, a specific substrate fits into the active site of a specific enzyme. This binding leads to the conversion of the substrate into products.

Answer:

1. Carbohydrates - monosaccharides; Lipids - fatty acids (or glycerol and fatty acids for triglycerides); Proteins - amino acids; Nucleic acids - nucleotides.
2. An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy.
3. High temperature and extreme pH.
4. Denatured.
5. The enzyme (lock) has a specific active site. The substrate (key) has a complementary shape to the active site. The substrate binds to the active site (like a key in a lock) for the reaction to occur.