Question

question 4
which of the following genetics terms is correctly matched with its definition?
alleles: gene variants that arise by mutation and exist on relatively the same parts of homologous chromosomes
genotype: the observable traits expressed by an organism
phenotype: useful for determining genetic probabilities of fertilization events
heterozygous: when a diploid organism gets two identical alleles of a gene

Explanation:

• Alleles: Alleles are indeed gene variants that arise by mutation and are located on homologous chromosomes at corresponding loci.
• Genotype: The genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, not the observable traits. The observable traits are the phenotype.
• Phenotype: The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics of an organism. A Punnett square is useful for determining genetic probabilities of fertilization events, not the phenotype.
• Heterozygous: Heterozygous means having two different alleles of a gene. When a diploid organism has two identical alleles of a gene, it is homozygous.

Answer:

Alleles: gene variants that arise by mutation and exist on relatively the same parts of homologous chromosomes.