Question

question 1
1 pts
a sigma bond, \\(\sigma\\)
\\(\bigcirc\\) may exist alone or in conjunction with a pi bond.
\\(\bigcirc\\) is composed of non-bonding orbitals.
\\(\bigcirc\\) stems from sp hybridization of or bitals.
\\(\bigcirc\\) is always polar.

Explanation:

To determine the correct statement about a sigma bond ($\sigma$):

• "may exist alone or in conjunction with a pi bond": In single bonds, there's only a $\sigma$ bond. In double bonds, there's one $\sigma$ and one $\pi$ bond; in triple bonds, one $\sigma$ and two $\pi$ bonds. This is correct.
• "is composed of non - bonding orbitals": Sigma bonds are formed by overlapping bonding orbitals (e.g., s - s, s - p, p - p overlap), not non - bonding orbitals. Eliminate this.
• "stems from sp hybridization of orbitals": Sigma bonds can form from various hybridizations (sp, sp², sp³, or even unhybridized orbitals) and also from unhybridized orbital overlap (e.g., H₂ has a $\sigma$ bond from 1s - 1s overlap without hybridization). So this is incorrect.
• "is always polar": A sigma bond between two identical atoms (e.g., H - H, Cl - Cl) is non - polar. So this is incorrect.

Answer:

A. may exist alone or in conjunction with a pi bond.