Question

question 8 (6 points)
question: a local factory has noticed that their manual laborers life expectancy is lower than the employees who dont do manual labor. what would be the best study design to determine possible risk factors?

1. clinical trial
2. cohort
3. case - control
4. cross - sectional

question 9 (6 points)
a researcher is interested in studying the prevalence of a genetic disease among a certain population. which study design would be best suited for that?

1. case - control
2. cohort
3. cross - sectional

Explanation:

• Question 8:
• A cohort study follows a group of individuals over time. In this case, we can follow manual laborers (exposed group) and non - manual laborers (unexposed group) over time to identify risk factors associated with lower life expectancy.
• A clinical trial is an experiment to test a treatment, which is not relevant here as we are not testing a treatment but looking for risk factors.
• A case - control study starts with the outcome (e.g., low life expectancy) and looks back at exposures (manual labor), but cohort studies are better for identifying risk factors prospectively.
• A cross - sectional study looks at a snapshot in time and is not ideal for establishing risk factors over time.
• Question 9:
• A cross - sectional study is used to measure the prevalence (proportion of a population having a disease at a specific time) of a condition.
• A case - control study is used to compare cases (with the disease) and controls (without the disease) to look at past exposures.
• A cohort study is used to look at the incidence (new cases) over time, not prevalence.

Answer:

Question 8: 2) Cohort
Question 9: 3) cross - sectional