Question

question 9 (1 point)
what is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?
18
2
8
32

question 10 (1 point)
when an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level, the electron
always doubles its energy.
absorbs a continuously variable amount of energy.
moves closer to the nucleus.
absorbs a quantum of energy.

question 11 (1 point)
the shape (not the size) of an electron cloud is determined by the electrons ____.
position
speed
principal quantum number
energy sublevel

Explanation:

Question 9

The formula for the maximum number of electrons in a principal energy level is \(2n^{2}\), where \(n\) is the principal quantum number. For the second principal energy level (\(n = 2\)), we calculate \(2\times2^{2}=8\).

When an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level, it absorbs a specific amount of energy (a quantum of energy). It does not always double its energy (option a is wrong), it does not absorb a continuously variable amount of energy (option b is wrong as energy levels are quantized), and moving to a higher energy level means it moves farther from the nucleus (option c is wrong).

The energy sublevel (s, p, d, f) determines the shape of the electron cloud. The principal quantum number (\(n\)) relates to the size and energy of the electron cloud (so option c is wrong). Position (option a) and speed (option b) do not determine the shape of the electron cloud.

Answer:

C. 8

Question 10