Question

question completion status:
this is what matters most to those who believe in utilitarianism:

1. individual autonomy
2. outcomes
3. group privilege
4. personal self interest

question 12
which of the following is the standard for benthanian utilitarian happiness?

1. pleasure
2. reason
3. duty - keeping
4. excellence

question 13
preference utilitarianism deals successfully with the issue of incommensurability inability to compare of feelings and perceptions when it comes to the utilitarian calculus.
true
false
question 14
act utilitarianism focuses exclusively on

1. past actions and the commitments they entail
2. altruism
3. a current particular action and its specific consequences
4. rights

question 15
j. j. c. smart argues in favor of

1. common sense notions of morality
2. almost always - acting rules
3. unconditional rational maximization of happiness
4. cultural notions of ethics

Explanation:

• Question 12: Benthamian Utilitarianism is centered around the concept of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. So, the standard for Benthamian Utilitarian happiness is pleasure.
• Question 13: Preference Utilitarianism still faces challenges with incommensurability as different preferences can be difficult to compare in a straightforward way for the utilitarian calculus.
• Question 14: Act Utilitarianism focuses on evaluating each individual act based on its specific consequences in a particular situation.
• Question 15: J.J.C. Smart is a proponent of Act Utilitarianism which involves the rational maximization of happiness without strict rules in every situation (unconditional in the sense of not being bound by fixed rules all the time).

Answer:

• Question 12: 1. Pleasure
• Question 13: False
• Question 14: 3. A current particular action and its specific consequences
• Question 15: 3. Unconditional rational maximization of happiness