Question

question 19
a puncture wound:
always bleeds heavily.
carries a high risk of infection.
usually involves large amounts of tissue loss.
is caused only by small objects.
question 20
a tourniquet should be applied:
directly on a wound to stop bleeding.
above the wound, closer to the heart.
below the wound, closer to the fingers or toes.
across the nearest joint.

Explanation:

• Question 19: Puncture wounds are deep and narrow. They can trap bacteria inside the body, creating an anaerobic environment (low - oxygen) which is favorable for the growth of certain bacteria (like Clostridium tetani, which causes tetanus). So, they carry a high risk of infection. They do not always bleed heavily (since the wound is narrow, blood may clot easily), usually do not involve large amounts of tissue loss (as they are punctures, not abrasions or lacerations that remove large amounts of tissue), and can be caused by large objects too (e.g., a large spike).
• Question 20: A tourniquet is applied above the wound (closer to the heart) to cut off blood flow to the limb distal to the wound. Applying it directly on the wound may not be effective in stopping arterial bleeding (which is the main reason for using a tourniquet in life - threatening bleeding cases), applying it below the wound will not stop the blood supply to the wound area (as the blood flows from the heart to the periphery), and applying it across a joint is not the standard practice as it may not occlude the blood vessels effectively.

Answer:

• Question 19: Carries a high risk of infection.
• Question 20: Above the wound, closer to the heart.