Question

question 15 (1 point)
elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as
o a inner transition metals
groups 3a through 8a
groups 1a and 2a
transition metals
question 16 (1 point)
which of the following electron configurations is most likely to result in an element that is relatively inactive?
o a a filled energy sublevel
one empty and one filled energy sublevel
a half-filled energy sublevel
a filled highest occupied principal energy level
question 17 (1 point)
which subatomic particle plays the greatest part in determining the properties of an element?
o a proton
electron
neutron
nucleus

Explanation:

• Question 15: Elements with filling \(p\) orbitals are in groups \(3A - 8A\) (also known as \(13 - 18\) in modern IUPAC numbering). Inner - transition metals (\(f\) block) have filling \(f\) orbitals. Groups \(1A\) and \(2A\) (\(s\) block) have filling \(s\) orbitals. Transition metals (\(d\) block) have filling \(d\) orbitals.
• Question 16: A filled highest - occupied principal energy level (like noble gases with \(ns^{2}np^{6}\) configuration) makes an element relatively inactive. A filled energy sublevel (\(e.g., 3p^{6}\) but if the principal level is not filled, say \(3p^{6}\) and \(4s^{0}\), it's not as stable as a filled principal level). One empty and one filled sublevel and a half - filled sublevel are not as stable as a filled principal level for inactivity.
• Question 17: Electrons, especially valence electrons, determine the chemical properties of an element (e.g., reactivity, bonding). Protons determine the element's identity (atomic number), neutrons affect isotopes, and the nucleus (protons + neutrons) is related to mass and identity (via protons) but not the properties as directly as electrons.

Answer:

• Question 15: B. groups 3A through 8A
• Question 16: D. a filled highest occupied principal energy level
• Question 17: B. electron