Question

question 13 of 24
how did the industrial revolution affect european societies during the 18th and 19th centuries?
a. before the industrial revolution, european industries relied on manual labor to produce goods, but afterward, they began relying on machines.
b. before the industrial revolution, europes urban centers were growing, but afterward, they became smaller as people moved away from polluted cities.
c. before the industrial revolution, europeans imported most of their manufactured goods from other countries, but afterward, they produced most of their own goods.
d. before the industrial revolution, europeans had a broad variety of jobs, but afterward, they worked mainly in agriculture or in factories.

Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution brought a shift from manual - labor - based production to machine - based production in European industries. Before the Industrial Revolution, goods were mainly produced by hand, and with the advent of new machinery and technologies during the Industrial Revolution, machines took over much of the production process. Option B is incorrect as urban centers grew during the Industrial Revolution due to people moving for factory jobs. Option C is wrong because Europe was already a significant producer of goods before the Industrial Revolution and the change was in the mode of production rather than a shift from import - heavy to self - production. Option D is incorrect as before the Industrial Revolution, agriculture was dominant and during it, there was a shift to factory jobs.

Answer:

A. Before the Industrial Revolution, European industries relied on manual labor to produce goods, but afterward, they began relying on machines.