Question

question 12
latent trait theory proposes that all criminal predispositions are present at birth.
a true
b false
clear selection
question 13
which of the following policy - based initiatives is based on the developmental theory presented in the text?
a all of the above
b teaching parents about the risk and protective factors for substance abuse
c teaching parents disciplinary techniques that stress firmness and consistency
d strengthening childrens social - emotional competence and positive coping skills

Explanation:

Latent trait theory posits that a stable trait (not criminal predispositions) is present at birth and influences criminal behavior over time. Developmental theory - based initiatives often involve multiple aspects like parent education (risk/protective factors, disciplinary techniques) and child skill - building (social - emotional competence).

Answer:

Question 12: B. False
Question 13: A. All of the above