Question

question 11 (1 point)
the shape (not the size) of an electron cloud is determined by the electrons
o a speed
o b principal quantum number
o c position
o d energy sublevel

question 12 (1 point)
the letter p in the symbol 4p^3 indicates the
o a orbital shape
o b spin of an electron
o c speed of an electron
o d principle energy level

question 13 (1 point)
what types of atomic orbitals are in the third principal energy level?
o a p and d only
o b s, p, d, and f
o c s and p only
o d s, p, and d only

Explanation:

• Question 11:
• The shape of an electron cloud (orbital) is determined by the energy sublevel (azimuthal quantum number). Different energy sublevels (\(s\), \(p\), \(d\), \(f\)) have characteristic shapes. For example, \(s\)-orbitals are spherical, \(p\)-orbitals are dumb - bell shaped.
• The principal quantum number (\(n\)) determines the size and energy level of the orbital. Speed and position do not determine the shape of the electron cloud.
• Question 12:
• In the electron configuration notation \(4p^{3}\), the number \(4\) is the principal quantum number (\(n\)) which represents the energy level. The letter \(p\) indicates the orbital shape (azimuthal quantum number \(l = 1\) for \(p\)-orbitals). The spin of an electron is represented by \(+\frac{1}{2}\) or \(-\frac{1}{2}\) and speed is not indicated in this notation.
• Question 13:
• For a principal energy level \(n\), the possible values of the azimuthal quantum number \(l\) range from \(0\) to \(n - 1\). When \(n=3\), \(l = 0\) (\(s\)-orbital), \(l = 1\) (\(p\)-orbital), \(l = 2\) (\(d\)-orbital). \(f\)-orbitals (\(l = 3\)) start to appear in the \(n = 4\) principal energy level.

Answer:

• Question 11: d. energy sublevel
• Question 12: a. orbital shape
• Question 13: d. \(s\), \(p\), and \(d\) only