Question

in the periodic table below, shade all the elements for which the neutral atom has a partially - filled p subshell.

Explanation:

A partially - filled \(p\) subshell means that the \(p\) subshell has between 1 and 5 electrons (since a \(p\) subshell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons).

• Group 13 (Boron group): The general electron configuration for the outermost shell is \(ns^{2}np^{1}\). For example, \(B:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{1}\), \(Al:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{1}\), \(Ga:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{1}\), \(In:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{1}\), \(Tl:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{1}\).
• Group 14 (Carbon group): The general electron configuration for the outermost shell is \(ns^{2}np^{2}\). For example, \(C:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{2}\), \(Si:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{2}\), \(Ge:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{2}\), \(Sn:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{2}\), \(Pb:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{2}\).
• Group 15 (Nitrogen group): The general electron configuration for the outermost shell is \(ns^{2}np^{3}\). For example, \(N:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{3}\), \(P:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{3}\), \(As:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{3}\), \(Sb:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{3}\), \(Bi:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{3}\).
• Group 16 (Oxygen group): The general electron configuration for the outermost shell is \(ns^{2}np^{4}\). For example, \(O:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{4}\), \(S:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{4}\), \(Se:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{4}\), \(Te:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{4}\), \(Po:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{4}\).
• Group 17 (Fluorine group): The general electron configuration for the outermost shell is \(ns^{2}np^{5}\). For example, \(F:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}\), \(Cl:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{5}\), \(Br:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{5}\), \(I:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{5}\), \(At:1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{5}\).

Answer:

Shade the elements in Group 13 (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl), Group 14 (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), Group 15 (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), Group 16 (O, S, Se, Te, Po), Group 17 (F, Cl, Br, I, At).