Question

patterns of the periodic table:

• the vertical columns of the periodic table are called
• the horizontal columns are called or
• the main group or representative elements are found in groups

and the transition elements are found in
where on the periodic table are the following found?
i. metals
ii. nonmetals
iii. semimetals or metalloids
some groups on the periodic table have common names:
a) examples of the alkali metals found in group are
b) examples of the alkaline earth elements found in group are
c) examples of the halogens found in group are
d) examples of the noble gases found in group are
e) examples of semimetals or metalloids are

• within one group on the periodic table, elements have similar

because of the
and form similar
atoms of these elements have

Explanation:

• Vertical columns: In the periodic table, vertical columns are called groups or families. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
• Horizontal columns: Horizontal columns are called periods or rows. As we move across a period, the properties of elements change gradually.
• Main - group and transition elements: Main - group (representative) elements are in groups 1, 2, 13 - 18. Transition elements are in groups 3 - 12.
• Location of metals, non - metals, metalloids:
• Metals are on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table.
• Non - metals are on the right side.
• Metalloids are along the zig - zag line (between metals and non - metals).
• Group names and examples:
• Alkali metals (Group 1): Examples are lithium (Li), sodium (Na).
• Alkaline earth metals (Group 2): Examples are magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca).
• Halogens (Group 17): Examples are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl).
• Noble gases (Group 18): Examples are helium (He), neon (Ne).
• Semimetals/metalloids: Examples are boron (B), silicon (Si).
• Group properties: Elements in a group have similar chemical properties and form similar compounds because they have the same number of valence electrons.

Answer:

• Vertical columns: groups or families.
• Horizontal columns: periods or rows.
• Main - group elements: groups 1, 2, 13 - 18; transition elements: groups 3 - 12.
• Metals: left side and middle of the periodic table.
• Non - metals: right side of the periodic table.
• Metalloids: along the zig - zag line (between metals and non - metals).
• a) Alkali metals (Group 1): lithium (Li), sodium (Na).
• b) Alkaline earth metals (Group 2): magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca).
• c) Halogens (Group 17): fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl).
• d) Noble gases (Group 18): helium (He), neon (Ne).
• e) Semimetals/metalloids: boron (B), silicon (Si).
• Within a group: similar chemical properties, similar compounds, same number of valence electrons.