Question

passive transport active transport due to random movement of molecules from high to low concentration also called pumps oxygen and carbon dioxide entering or exiting a cell movement of solute from low to high concentration filtration osmosis facilitated transport requires no cellular energy moving 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into a cell against their concentration gradients

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the characteristics of passive and active transport:

Passive Transport (moves from high to low concentration, no energy)

• "due to random movement of molecules from high to low concentration" (diffusion principle)
• "oxygen and carbon dioxide entering or exiting a cell" (simple diffusion example)
• "filtration" (passive process, e.g., in kidneys)
• "osmosis" (passive water movement)
• "facilitated transport" (passive, uses proteins, no energy)
• "requires no cellular energy" (defining trait of passive transport)

Active Transport (moves from low to high concentration, needs energy)

• "also called pumps" (e.g., sodium - potassium pump)
• "movement of solute from low to high concentration" (against gradient, needs energy)
• "moving 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into a cell against their concentration gradients" (sodium - potassium pump, classic active transport example)

Passive Transport Box:

• due to random movement of molecules from high to low concentration
• oxygen and carbon dioxide entering or exiting a cell
• filtration
• osmosis
• facilitated transport
• requires no cellular energy

Active Transport Box:

• also called pumps
• movement of solute from low to high concentration
• moving 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into a cell against their concentration gradients

Answer:

To solve this, we analyze the characteristics of passive and active transport:

Passive Transport (moves from high to low concentration, no energy)

• "due to random movement of molecules from high to low concentration" (diffusion principle)
• "oxygen and carbon dioxide entering or exiting a cell" (simple diffusion example)
• "filtration" (passive process, e.g., in kidneys)
• "osmosis" (passive water movement)
• "facilitated transport" (passive, uses proteins, no energy)
• "requires no cellular energy" (defining trait of passive transport)

Active Transport (moves from low to high concentration, needs energy)

• "also called pumps" (e.g., sodium - potassium pump)
• "movement of solute from low to high concentration" (against gradient, needs energy)
• "moving 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into a cell against their concentration gradients" (sodium - potassium pump, classic active transport example)

Passive Transport Box:

• due to random movement of molecules from high to low concentration
• oxygen and carbon dioxide entering or exiting a cell
• filtration
• osmosis
• facilitated transport
• requires no cellular energy

Active Transport Box:

• also called pumps
• movement of solute from low to high concentration
• moving 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into a cell against their concentration gradients