Question

the particle diagram below represents a solid sample of silver.
diagram showing ag⁺ ions and free electrons
which type of bonding is present when valence electrons move within the sample?
○ ionic bonding
○ covalent bonding
○ metallic bonding
○ hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

1. Recall the characteristics of each bonding type:

• Ionic bonding: Involves transfer of electrons between a metal and a non - metal, forming ions held by electrostatic forces. The electrons are not free - moving throughout the structure in the same way as in metals.
• Covalent bonding: Involves sharing of electrons between non - metal atoms. The electrons are localized between atoms.
• Metallic bonding: Occurs in metals. In metallic bonding, metal cations are surrounded by a "sea" of delocalized valence electrons that are free to move throughout the metal sample.
• Hydrogen bonding: Is a type of intermolecular force, not a primary bonding type for the structure of a metal like silver, and involves a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (O, N, F) interacting with another electronegative atom.

1. Analyze the given diagram: The diagram shows \(Ag^+\) ions (metal cations) with delocalized electrons (\(e^-\)) moving within the sample. This matches the description of metallic bonding where valence electrons are delocalized and can move freely.

Answer:

Metallic bonding (the option corresponding to "Metallic bonding" among the given choices)