Question

part two directions: briefly describe an experiment that could test each idea below. be sure to include some of the controls that would have to be in place to keep the experiment valid. identify the iv (independent variable) and dv (dependent variable).
did you know that before pencil erasers were added in 1858, people got rid of pencil markings with white breadcrumbs? which would erase pencil markings better, an eraser or white bread crumbs?
describe how this could be tested: two lines erase one line with breadcrumbs one line with eraser
iv - breadcrumbs and eraser
dv - lines

1. experts believe that a good night’s sleep is vital to success in school. would kids that sleep 8 or more hours a night get better grades than kids who sleep less than 7 hours a night?

describe how this could be tested:

iv -
dv -

1. in the 1970s, safety officials studied adding seat belts to school buses. their conclusion was that designing buses with tall, padded seats provided enough “passive protection” to keep kids safe. would buses be safer if kids wore seat belts?

describe how this could be tested:

iv -
dv -

Explanation:

9.

Step1: Select participants

Select a large group of kids. Divide them into two groups: one group that sleeps 8 or more hours a night (Group A) and one group that sleeps less than 7 hours a night (Group B).

Step2: Track grades

Over a set period (e.g., a semester), track and record the grades of all kids in both groups.

Step3: Analyze data

Compare the average grades of Group A and Group B to see if there is a significant difference.

Step1: Select buses and kids

Select a number of school - buses. Randomly assign half of them to have kids wear seat - belts (experimental group) and the other half to have kids not wear seat - belts (control group, relying on the tall, padded seats for protection).

Step2: Track accidents and injuries

Over a long - term period (e.g., several years), record any accidents involving these buses and the number and severity of injuries among the kids in each group.

Step3: Analyze data

Compare the injury rates and severity between the two groups to determine if seat - belts make buses safer.

Answer:

IV: Hours of sleep (less than 7 hours or 8 or more hours)
DV: Grades

10.