Question

part 1 (1 point)
see periodic table see hint
physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, and solubility are all dependent on the type of interparticle forces a substance experiences. identify the type of interparticle force that has the greatest influence on the physical properties for each substance.
items (6 items) (drag and drop into the appropriate area below)
cl₂ ch₄ cacl₂ ki nh₂oh pcl₃
categories
ionic bonding dispersion forces dipole - dipole forces hydrogen bonding
drag and drop here drag and drop here drag and drop here drag and drop here

Explanation:

• Ionic Bonding: Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non - metal. \(CaCl_{2}\) (calcium chloride) is an ionic compound where \(Ca^{2+}\) and \(Cl^{-}\) ions are held together by ionic bonds. \(KI\) (potassium iodide) is also ionic with \(K^{+}\) and \(I^{-}\) ions.
• Dispersion Forces: These are the weakest intermolecular forces and are present in all molecules, but are the dominant force in non - polar molecules. \(Cl_{2}\) (a non - polar diatomic molecule) and \(CH_{4}\) (a non - polar tetrahedral molecule) have only dispersion forces as their significant interparticle force.
• Dipole - dipole Forces: \(PCl_{3}\) has a trigonal pyramidal shape. Due to the difference in electronegativity between \(P\) and \(Cl\), it is a polar molecule. The positive end of one \(PCl_{3}\) molecule is attracted to the negative end of another \(PCl_{3}\) molecule, and dipole - dipole forces are the dominant interparticle force.
• Hydrogen Bonding: Hydrogen bonding occurs when \(H\) is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (\(N\), \(O\), or \(F\)). In \(NH_{2}OH\), there is \(O - H\) and \(N - H\) bonds. The \(H\) atoms attached to \(O\) and \(N\) can form hydrogen bonds with other \(NH_{2}OH\) molecules, and hydrogen bonding is the dominant interparticle force.

Answer:

• Ionic Bonding: \(CaCl_{2}\), \(KI\)
• Dispersion Forces: \(Cl_{2}\), \(CH_{4}\)
• Dipole - dipole Forces: \(PCl_{3}\)
• Hydrogen Bonding: \(NH_{2}OH\)