Question

part 4: extended response
answer the following questions on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
(10 points each)

1. analyzing causes and recognizing effects what enabled the spanish forces to

conquer the aztec people?

think about:

• weapons used by each side
• allies and enemies
• forces that weakened the aztec

1. analyzing motives how did the english gain control of dutch and french interests in

north america, and why did england want to gain control of that land?

think about:

• location of colonies
• the seven years’ war
• growing populations

Explanation:

Question 21:

1. Weapons: Spanish had steel swords, guns, cannons; Aztecs used obsidian, clubs. Spanish tech was superior.
2. Allies/Enemies: Aztecs had many enemies (e.g., Tlaxcalans) who allied with Spanish, providing troops/knowledge.
3. Weakening Forces: European diseases (smallpox) decimated Aztec population, including leader Montezuma’s death, causing chaos.

1. Gaining Control:

• Dutch: English took New Netherland (NY area) via force/treaty (1664), as Dutch focused on trade over defense.
• French: Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) ended with Treaty of Paris; England defeated France, gaining Canada/territories.

1. Motives: England wanted land for growing population (settlement), resources (furs, farmland), and power (compete with France/Dutch, expand empire).

Answer:

Spanish conquered Aztecs via superior weapons (steel, firearms), alliances with Aztec enemies (e.g., Tlaxcalans), and European diseases (smallpox) weakening Aztec society, plus political chaos after Montezuma’s death.

Question 22: