Question

page 54 2.3. identify the processes by which we are socialized into our cultures. fill in the blanks to complete the passage about biosocial research on men driving cars. researchers asked men to drive either a cool car (porsche 911) or an uncool car (a dilapidated toyota camry). the researchers measured the men’s blank, looking for levels of blank. men driving the cool car had blank levels. men driving the uncool car had blank levels. options: pulse, dna, lower, cortisol, higher, testosterone, saliva.

Explanation:

To solve this fill - in - the - blank problem about biosocial research on men driving cars, we analyze each blank:

Blank 1:

In biosocial research, when measuring physiological responses related to hormonal or stress - related factors, saliva is a common medium for measurement (for example, to measure hormone levels). So the first blank should be "saliva".

Blank 2:

Among the given options, testosterone is a hormone that can be related to the sense of status or confidence (driving a cool car may be associated with a sense of status). So the second blank is "testosterone" (or "cortisol" could also be a stress - related hormone, but in the context of a "cool car" giving a sense of status, testosterone is more relevant. However, let's also consider the other blanks).

Blank 3:

If men are driving a cool car, which may boost their sense of status or confidence, testosterone levels (or if we consider stress, cortisol in a different context) would be higher. So if we take testosterone, the third blank is "higher".

Blank 4:

Conversely, when driving an uncool car, the levels of the hormone (testosterone or cortisol) would be lower. So the fourth blank is "lower".

Let's verify with the options:

1. The first blank: We measure from saliva (as it is a biological sample to measure hormone levels). So first blank: saliva.
2. The second blank: We are looking for levels of testosterone (a hormone related to male status and behavior). So second blank: testosterone.
3. The third blank: Men driving the cool car (which gives a sense of status) have higher testosterone levels. So third blank: higher.
4. The fourth blank: Men driving the uncool car have lower testosterone levels. So fourth blank: lower.

(Another possible combination: If we consider cortisol as a stress hormone, driving an uncool car may be more stressful, but the "cool car" giving a sense of status is more likely to relate to testosterone. However, let's check the options again. The options are pulse, DNA, lower, cortisol, higher, testosterone, saliva. DNA is not relevant here, pulse is a measure but not what we are looking for in terms of "levels of..." (we are looking for a substance level, not a pulse rate level in the context of the options). So the correct filling is:

First blank: saliva

Second blank: testosterone

Third blank: higher

Fourth blank: lower

Answer:

1. saliva
2. testosterone
3. higher
4. lower

(Note: Another possible valid combination could be with cortisol, but the most appropriate in the context of a "cool car" influencing male hormonal response related to status is testosterone. If we consider cortisol, driving an uncool car could be more stressful, so men driving uncool car have higher cortisol and cool car have lower, but the options and the context of "cool car" and male behavior lean more towards testosterone. However, based on typical biosocial research on status and male hormones, the above answer is correct.)