Question

a nurse is caring for a client with hospital - acquired pneumonia (hap). (select all that apply.) which of the following conditions facilitate hap being acquired by clients? client with impaired host defenses organism not able to reach the lower respiratory tract low virulent organism exists prolonged antibiotic use client with severe illness or prolonged hospitalization source exposure such as hands of health care workers

Explanation:

• Client with impaired host defenses: Weakened immune system (host defenses) makes it easier for pathogens to cause infection (HAP).
• Prolonged antibiotic use: Can disrupt normal flora, allowing resistant organisms (which may cause HAP) to thrive.
• Client with severe illness or prolonged hospitalization: Such clients are more vulnerable (e.g., due to weakened state, exposure to hospital - environment pathogens).
• Source exposure such as hands of health care workers: Health care workers can act as vectors, transmitting pathogens (that cause HAP) if proper infection control (hand - hygiene etc.) is not followed.
• Organism not able to reach the lower respiratory tract: If the organism cannot reach the site (lower respiratory tract where pneumonia occurs), it cannot cause HAP.
• Low virulent organism exists: A low - virulence organism is less likely to cause a full - blown HAP as it has less ability to cause disease.

Answer:

Client with impaired host defenses, Prolonged antibiotic use, Client with severe illness or prolonged hospitalization, Source exposure such as hands of health care workers.