Question

number of electrons needed = 8 - number of valence electrons
number of electrons needed by fluorine = 8 - 7 = 1
a fluorine atom forms
one covalent bond.
the shared pair of
electrons is called
the bonding pair
because it forms
the covalent bond.
other unshared pairs
of valence electrons are
called lone pairs.
14 ccc patterns what is the relationship between the number of electrons
an atom shares in covalent bonds and the number of valence electrons
an atom has?

Explanation:

In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration (usually an octet, 8 - electron rule). The number of electrons an atom shares in covalent bonds is related to the number of valence electrons it has. For example, fluorine has 7 valence electrons. It needs \(8 - 7=1\) more electron to complete its octet. So, it shares 1 electron in a covalent bond. In general, the number of electrons an atom shares in covalent bonds is equal to the number of electrons it needs to complete its valence shell (usually 8 electrons, except for some elements like hydrogen which needs 2). This number of needed electrons is calculated as \(8 - \text{Number of valence electrons}\) (for most non - hydrogen atoms).

Answer:

The number of electrons an atom shares in covalent bonds is equal to \(8 - \text{Number of valence electrons}\) (for atoms following the octet rule, e.g., most non - metals). For hydrogen, it is \(2 - \text{Number of valence electrons (which is 1 for H)}\), so hydrogen shares 1 electron.