Question

do now
energy is the ability to do work or cause change. mechanical energy is the energy of motion.
stored mechanical energy is called ______ energy.
moving mechanical energy is called ______ energy.
circle the correct type of mechanical energy for each example below.
a car driving down the road
kinetic energy potential energy
a car parked on a hill
kinetic energy potential energy
a car sitting still with the engine running
kinetic energy potential energy
a book held in the air
kinetic energy potential energy
a book sliding across a table
kinetic energy potential energy
a car driving down a hill
kinetic energy potential energy
a ball rolling down a hill
kinetic energy potential energy
engage
with your table group, build a ramp to roll the ball down. you will need an adjustable ramp and a flat space at the bottom of the ramp for the ball to come to a stop.
ramp 1:

1. hold the ball at the top of the ramp. what type of mechanical energy does the ball have?

______

1. let the ball roll down the ramp. observe.
2. hold the ball at the top of the ramp. let the ball roll down the ramp, but stop it at the halfway point.

a. when stopped halfway down the ramp, what type of energy does the ball have?
______
b. when rolling halfway down the ramp, what types of energy does the ball have?
______

Explanation:

Step1: Recall Energy Definitions

Mechanical energy has two forms: Potential Energy (stored, due to position) and Kinetic Energy (moving, due to motion).

Step2: Analyze Each Example

• A CAR DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD: Moving → Kinetic Energy.
• A CAR PARKED ON A HILL: Stored (position on hill) → Potential Energy.
• A CAR SITTING STILL WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING: Still (no motion) → Potential Energy (stored, e.g., fuel, but for mechanical: still → Potential? Wait, engine running but car not moving? Wait, maybe typo, but "sitting still" → no motion, so Potential.
• A BOOK HELD IN THE AIR: Stored (height) → Potential Energy.
• A BOOK SLIDING ACROSS A TABLE: Moving → Kinetic Energy.
• A CAR DRIVING DOWN A HILL: Moving → Kinetic Energy.
• A BALL ROLLING DOWN A HILL: Moving → Kinetic Energy.

For the "ENGAGE" section:

1. Hold the ball at the top of the ramp: Stored (height) → Potential Energy.

3a. Stopped halfway down the ramp: Still (no motion) → Potential Energy (stored due to remaining height).
3b. Rolling halfway down the ramp: Moving (kinetic) + stored (remaining height, potential) → Both Kinetic and Potential Energy.

Answer:

DO NOW (Circle Answers):

• A CAR DRIVING DOWN THE ROAD: $\boldsymbol{\text{Kinetic Energy}}$
• A CAR PARKED ON A HILL: $\boldsymbol{\text{Potential Energy}}$
• A CAR SITTING STILL WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING: $\boldsymbol{\text{Potential Energy}}$
• A BOOK HELD IN THE AIR: $\boldsymbol{\text{Potential Energy}}$
• A BOOK SLIDING ACROSS A TABLE: $\boldsymbol{\text{Kinetic Energy}}$
• A CAR DRIVING DOWN A HILL: $\boldsymbol{\text{Kinetic Energy}}$
• A BALL ROLLING DOWN A HILL: $\boldsymbol{\text{Kinetic Energy}}$

ENGAGE (Fill in Blanks):

1. Hold the ball at the top of the ramp: $\boldsymbol{\text{Potential Energy}}$

3a. When STOPPED halfway down the ramp: $\boldsymbol{\text{Potential Energy}}$
3b. When ROLLING halfway down the ramp: $\boldsymbol{\text{Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy}}$